High-Speed Counting: Hardware vs. Software

Standard inputs on a controller check for a signal once every “cycle” (like taking a photo every second). If you are trying to count something fast—like a spinning fan blade or water flowing through a meter—the signal might be too quick for the controller to see. It might happen *between* the photos.

For these tasks, you need Hardware Counting.

Instead of the main computer trying to “see” every pulse, a specialized chip on the controller does the counting for you. It never sleeps and never blinks. It counts every single electrical pulse, no matter how fast, and just sends the final total to the main computer.

• The Total Count: The number is stored in a variable. Remember that numbers can only get so big! When the counter hits its limit, it will restart at zero. Your program needs to be ready for this “rollover.”
• Resetting (CNT_set): You will often want to reset the count to zero (for example, at the start of a new work shift). You can do this by sending a “0” to the CNT_set variable.

“Debounce” is a filter designed to ignore “jitters” from messy switches.

• The Problem: If you are counting high-speed pulses, the Debounce filter might think your fast signals are just “jitters” and ignore them.
• The Fix: When using a high-speed counter, you must turn off or lower the Debounce setting (set it to 0ms or 1ms) so the controller knows these fast signals are real.