Table of Contents

Literals

Literals are direct representations of variable values.

Numerical literals

A numerical literal is a decimal number or a number with a certain base (e.g. binary). The underscore “_” character, inserted between the numbers in a numerical literal, is not relevant.

Literal Example
Integer number -12, 0, 123_4, +986
Floating point number 0.0, 0.4560, 3.14159_26
Floating point number with an exponent-1.34E-12, -1.34e-12
Binary number 2#1111_1111 (255 decimal)
Octal number 8#377 (255 decimal)
Hexadecimal number 16#FF, 16#ff (255 decimal)
Boolean number 0, 1, FALSE, TRUE
Typed number INT#-123, WORD#16#AEF, BOOL#0, BOOL#FALSE

Note: In FUPLA, literals in other numeric systems than decimal, such as 16#FF, are not supported. All values must be entered as decimal, e.g. 255.

Examples:

REAL#+INF, REAL#-INF, LREAL#+INF, LREAL#-INF //literals of special values of real numbers (+- infinity)
REAL#NAN, LREAL#NAN //literals of special values of real numbers (not a number)

Character literals

Character literals are one- or two bytes coded characters. A one-byte literal is a sequence of zero or more characters with a prefix and ending using a single quote character ('). A two-byte literal is a sequence of zero or more characters with a prefix and ending using a single quote character (“).

Literal Example
One-byte characters Empty string ''
One character 'A'
Typed string STRING#'OK'
Two-byte characters Empty string ”“
One character “A”
Typed string STRING#“OK”
Combinations of two charactersDollar sign $$
Apostroph $'
Quotation mark $”
Line feed (new line, 16#0A)$L or $I
Newline (new line) $N
Form feed (new page) $P
Carriage return (16#0D) $R
Tabelator (16#09) $T

Time literals

Time literals represent a duration of an event, or time period elapsed between start and end of an event. Units are days, hours, minutes, seconds, fractions of seconds, and combinations of the above.

LiteralDescription
d Day
h Hour
m Minute
s Second
ms Millisecond
us Microsecond
ns Nanosecond

Examples:

T#14ms, TIME#14ms, T#-14ms, LT#14.7s, t#25h15m, TIME#5m_20s_500ms

Time literals of absolute time

Literal Example
Date DATE#1984-06-25, date#1984-06-25, D#1984-06-25, d#1984-06-25
Time of day TIME_OF_DAY#15:36:55.36, TOD#15:36:55.36
Date and timeDATE_AND_TIME#1984-06-25-15:36:55.360227400, DT#1984-06-25-15:36:55.360227400