Literals are direct representations of variable values.
A numerical literal is a decimal number or a number with a certain base (e.g. binary). The underscore “_” character, inserted between the numbers in a numerical literal, is not relevant.
| Literal | Example |
|---|---|
| Integer number | -12, 0, 123_4, +986 |
| Floating point number | 0.0, 0.4560, 3.14159_26 |
| Floating point number with an exponent | -1.34E-12, -1.34e-12 |
| Binary number | 2#1111_1111 (255 decimal) |
| Octal number | 8#377 (255 decimal) |
| Hexadecimal number | 16#FF, 16#ff (255 decimal) |
| Boolean number | 0, 1, FALSE, TRUE |
| Typed number | INT#-123, WORD#16#AEF, BOOL#0, BOOL#FALSE |
Note: In FUPLA, literals in other numeric systems than decimal, such as 16#FF, are not supported. All values must be entered as decimal, e.g. 255.
Examples:
REAL#+INF, REAL#-INF, LREAL#+INF, LREAL#-INF //literals of special values of real numbers (+- infinity) REAL#NAN, LREAL#NAN //literals of special values of real numbers (not a number)
Character literals are one- or two bytes coded characters. A one-byte literal is a sequence of zero or more characters with a prefix and ending using a single quote character ('). A two-byte literal is a sequence of zero or more characters with a prefix and ending using a single quote character (“).
| Literal | Example | |
|---|---|---|
| One-byte characters | Empty string | '' |
| One character | 'A' | |
| Typed string | STRING#'OK' | |
| Two-byte characters | Empty string | ”“ |
| One character | “A” | |
| Typed string | STRING#“OK” | |
| Combinations of two characters | Dollar sign | $$ |
| Apostroph | $' | |
| Quotation mark | $” | |
| Line feed (new line, 16#0A) | $L or $I | |
| Newline (new line) | $N | |
| Form feed (new page) | $P | |
| Carriage return (16#0D) | $R | |
| Tabelator (16#09) | $T |
Time literals represent a duration of an event, or time period elapsed between start and end of an event. Units are days, hours, minutes, seconds, fractions of seconds, and combinations of the above.
| Literal | Description |
|---|---|
| d | Day |
| h | Hour |
| m | Minute |
| s | Second |
| ms | Millisecond |
| us | Microsecond |
| ns | Nanosecond |
Examples:
T#14ms, TIME#14ms, T#-14ms, LT#14.7s, t#25h15m, TIME#5m_20s_500ms
| Literal | Example |
|---|---|
| Date | DATE#1984-06-25, date#1984-06-25, D#1984-06-25, d#1984-06-25 |
| Time of day | TIME_OF_DAY#15:36:55.36, TOD#15:36:55.36 |
| Date and time | DATE_AND_TIME#1984-06-25-15:36:55.360227400, DT#1984-06-25-15:36:55.360227400 |